Prostate adenocarcinomas are the most common form of prostate cancer, while sarcomas, small cell carcinomas, and transitional cell carcinomas are rare.These tumors are often asymptomatic, but in some cases, they present symptoms similar to those of benign prostatic hyperplasia, including nocturia, frequency, urinary incontinence, hematuria, stranguria, and impaired sensory function. Treatment depends on the patient’s characteristics and the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and must be tailored and personalized based on these characteristics and the preferences of the individual undergoing treatment or surgery.
For small, low-risk tumors or in elderly patients with other serious conditions, it may be decided not to perform treatment but instead to undergo frequent check-ups (watchful waiting). Surgical treatment involves radical prostatectomy (gland and lymph nodes) via an open retropubic or perineal approach, or laparoscopically, sometimes combined with radiotherapy or hormone therapy. Alternative treatments include external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and cryotherapy. One indicator used in the literature to evaluate surgical treatment of prostate cancer is “Readmission within 30 days of surgery for prostate cancer.” This indicator measures an event occurring within a short period of surgery, which may be due to the onset of complications or a worsening of the clinical condition that requires readmission to the hospital.
The outcome of this indicator is believed to be attributable, at least in part, to the clinical setting in which the surgery was performed and the characteristics of the surgeon (age, experience, specialization). Therefore, the indicator measuring readmissions allows us to evaluate the quality of both in- and out-of-hospital care related to surgical treatment of prostate cancer.
The indicator’s value may vary between regions and facilities;this phenomenon, in addition to differences in the quality of care, may be caused by the heterogeneous distribution, due to case mix, of various risk factors such as age, gender, and patient health conditions. Following association tests between outcome trends and new clinical variables introduced in the SDO framework starting in 2018, the following indicator has been defined for the 2021 edition of the PNE: 1) “Readmission 30 days after surgery for prostate cancer – with new variables”. This indicator maintains the structure and calculation methodologies previously described, adding the variable related to the condensed staging detected at the time of admission for surgery as a predictive factor in the outcome rate adjustment model.
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Indicators 
