Malignant pancreatic cancer is adenocarcinoma in 95% of cases, while the remaining 5% include other tumors of the exocrine pancreas (serous cystadenoma), malignant acinar cell tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors (insulinoma).The histological type determines treatment and prognosis, which is generally poorer in adenocarcinoma.Symptoms of pancreatic adenocarcinoma are nonspecific, even in advanced stages (epigastric pain, dyspepsia, and weight loss), and often prevent diagnosis.The most specific symptom is stasis jaundice, characteristic of tumors affecting the head of the pancreas.Only in very advanced stages is a palpable mass in the epigastric or subcostal area. In cases considered operable, surgical treatment includes cephalopancreatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, or total pancreatic resection.Surgery may be combined with intraoperative radiotherapy if the tumor extends beyond the limits of the pancreas. Adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy may be considered after surgery.For locally advanced tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy may be considered to make the tumor operable.In inoperable cases, palliative treatment is performed, either surgical or chemotherapy. The “30-day mortality rate after surgery for pancreatic cancer” can be used as an indicator to evaluate the outcomes of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer who undergo surgery in terms of mortality during surgery, during the postoperative hospital stay, or within 30 days of surgery.The indicator measures death within 30 days of surgery as the outcome and considers the hospitalization facility as the exposure. The indicator’s value may differ between regions and facilities due to varying quality of care, but it may also be attributable to the heterogeneous distribution of various risk factors, such as patient age, gender, and comorbidities.
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Indicators 
