Surgical removal of a section of the cranial vault allows access to the intracranial compartment.The removed bone flap is either restored to its original position (craniotomy) or permanently removed (craniectomy).This procedure is performed for various clinical conditions: cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, brain tumors, hematomas, brain abscesses, cerebral hemorrhages, severe neuralgia, epileptogenic tissue, intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, and brain diseases requiring implantation of a device. The risk of adverse outcomes associated with craniotomy increases with advanced age, poor functional status, severe cardiopulmonary disease, and systemic diseases requiring intensive care (e.g., sepsis, multiorgan failure).
Early complications of surgery include bleeding or hematoma, seizures, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, pneumocephalus, cerebral infarction, or stroke.Late complications include infections or the late onset of seizures. The following indicator has been defined: 1) Mortality within 30 days of craniotomy for brain tumors, where the outcome measured is death within 30 days of the surgery date and exposure is determined by the hospital.
The indicator allows us to assess the surgical risk of patients diagnosed with brain tumors, both benign and malignant, undergoing craniotomy surgery in terms of 30-day mortality, measured as mortality during surgery, during the postoperative hospital stay, or within 30 days of surgery. The indicator’s value may differ between regions and facilities due to varying quality of care, but it may also be attributable to the heterogeneous distribution of various risk factors, such as patient age, gender, and comorbidities.
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Indicators 
