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Malignant stomach cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a sharp decline in incidence due to changes in dietary habits and food preservation.

The tumor affects the lower stomach in 40% of cases, the middle stomach in another 40%, and the upper stomach in approximately 15%. Most stomach tumors are adenocarcinomas, approximately 5% are lymphomas, and rarely carcinoid or stromal tumors can be diagnosed. Diagnosis can occur in advanced stages of the tumor due to the nonspecificity of clinical symptoms. Treatment involves surgical resection in early stages, while treatment for tumors diagnosed in advanced stages includes surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.

Surgery involves partial or total resection of the stomach and surrounding lymph nodes, with the aim of removing tumor tissue and a margin of normal tissue. Long-term mortality depends on the extent of the tumor, the potential occurrence of recurrences, and the radical nature of the surgery, which, in the case of very extensive tumors and/or distant metastases, is often performed exclusively for palliative purposes.

The following indicator has been defined: 1) Mortality within 30 days of surgery for malignant lung cancer, where the outcome measured is death within 30 days of the surgery date and exposure is determined by the hospitalization facility.

The indicator allows us to assess the surgical risk of patients diagnosed with malignant stomach cancer undergoing gastric resection surgery in terms of 30-day mortality, measured as mortality during surgery, during the postoperative hospital stay, or within 30 days of surgery. The value of the indicator may differ between regions and facilities due to the varying quality of care, but it may also be attributable to the heterogeneous distribution of various risk factors, such as patient age, gender, and comorbidities.

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