Surgical resection of lung cancer is the first treatment option for non-advanced stage tumors (up to stage IIIa) and for unilateral non-small cell lung cancer. Assessing respiratory capacity before surgery allows us to predict residual function and guide the choice of surgical procedure, ensuring adequate respiratory reserve for the patient. Surgical procedures for lung cancer include wedge resection (removal of the tumor tissue and surrounding lung parenchyma), segmentomy (removal of a section of parenchyma ventilated by a segmental bronchus), lobectomy (removal of an entire lobe), bilobectomy (removal of two lobes), and pneumonectomy (removal of the entire lung).
Lobectomy minimizes the likelihood of local recurrence in patients with adequate functional reserve, while in patients without adequate functional reserve, a wedge resection is usually preferable. Some histological forms of the tumor (e.g., small cell carcinoma) or forms associated with metastases must be treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Chemotherapy may be combined with surgery in cases of non-extensive tumors without lymph node involvement.
The following indicator has been defined: 1) Mortality within 30 days of surgery for malignant lung cancer, where the outcome measured is death within 30 days of the surgery date and exposure is determined by the hospital.
The indicator allows us to assess the surgical risk of patients diagnosed with lung cancer undergoing lung resection surgery in terms of 30-day mortality, measured as mortality during surgery, during the postoperative hospital stay, or within 30 days of surgery. The indicator’s value may differ between territorial areas and facilities due to the varying quality of care, but it may also be attributable to the heterogeneous distribution of various risk factors such as patient age, gender, and comorbidities.
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